Abstract
Fungal infections have an enormous impact on human health. Candida species represent the major agents of fungal infections. In this chapter, I will review the progress made in the biology of the major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. C. albicans causes not only superficial infections but also life-threatening disease in immunocompromised people. Most Candida species belong to the CTG clade (species of which often translate the CTG codon into serine instead of leucine). C. albicans and its related species can grow in multiple morphological forms including the yeast, filamentous, white, gray, and opaque forms. Morphological transitions play a critical role in pathogenesis and survival in the host of the pathogen. C. albicans can also form biofilms and undergo sexual mating. In the past two decades, great progress has been made in understanding the biological aspects of C. albicans, including the molecular mechanisms of morphological transitions, sexual reproduction, biofilm development, and host–pathogen interactions.
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