Abstract
Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of U in biogeochemical systems have made an impact and are becoming widely used in the environmental and geological sciences. In this chapter, we summarize considerations for making successful U XAS measurements, describe the methods of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis as they pertain to U, and give an overview of the literature related to U XAS. The chemistry of U is complex, such that small changes in solution chemistry can have a large change in the chemical speciation of U. The controlling factors are carbonate, pH, ionic strength, and the presence of aqueous or surface ligands containing C, Fe, P, S, and Si.
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