Chapter 14 - Safety of Fusion Reactors

Abstract

The fusion reactor is classified as a radiation-hazardous facility with an intrinsic, natural, self-protection capacity. In this chapter, the definition of fusion reactor radiation safety and radiation safety criteria are given; fundamental safety objectives, radiation protection principles and radiation safety functions are formulated. The practical implementation of the safety philosophy is illustrated by ITER as the best-laid project at the engineering design completion phase. ITER safety analysis for normal and off-normal situations shows that ITER is adequately designed in terms of public, personnel and environment safety. The conceptual safety-relevant design solutions for advanced fusion machines, such as the Russian DEMO-S and the American ARIES-III, are briefly outlined. Some definitions, limits and criteria as specified in Russian regulatory documents in accordance with international safety documents are given in the appendix.