Abstract
Due to high reactivity of methylglyoxal (MG) with biomacromolecules, it has been previously regarded to be a cytotoxin. Recently, MG is emerging as a signaling molecule, which regulates seed germination, plant growth, development, reproduction, and response to abiotic stress. In plants, MG level is closely regulated by the production pathway and scavenging system. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways contribute to the generation of MG, while glyoxalase and nonglyoxalase systems are responsible for MG scavenging. The glyoxalase system is the first line of defense against MG, whereas the nonglyoxalase system is a minor route. These metabolic pathways determine the action of MG, toxin or signaling. Based on the current knowledge on MG and its detoxification system in plants, the current chapter highlighted the formation and degradation of MG, MG signaling triggered by environmental stresses, environment and chemical priming-induced abiotic stress tolerance related to MG, and signal crosstalk between MG and other signaling molecules. Future research directions have also been pointed out.
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