Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on membrane deterioration. The chapter discusses the membrane property change with elapsed time based on the membrane characteristic stability against various agents. Long-term seawater electrodialysis is carried out using a small-scale electrodialyzer integrated with commercially available homogeneous ion exchange membranes and heterogeneous membranes produced in the laboratory. Surface fouling is usually caused by deposits of macromolecules or colloidal matter from the feed solution. Organic fouling of ion exchange membranes is one of the major problems in electrodialysis. It is caused by the precipitation of colloids on the membranes and because most of the colloids present in natural water are negatively charged, it is almost always the anion exchange membranes that are affected. To prevent organic fouling, the macroreticular (macroporous) anion exchange membrane was developed. Another anti-organic fouling membrane was developed by sulfonating the surface of an anion exchange membrane and forming thin cation exchange layer on the anion exchange membrane.
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