Abstract
Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) include a set of neuropsychiatric disorders that may be caused by alcohol-use disorders. Among these neurological syndromes, the alcohol exposure can occur in an indirect (FASD) or direct (ARBD) pathway and produce its toxic effects through various mechanism, as neurotoxicity, thiamine deficiency, and metabolic disruption. The FASD consists of a range of alterations (i.e., facial abnormalities, growth deficiency, abnormal cognitive functioning, and anatomical changes) promoted by prenatal alcoholic exposure. The central pontine (CPM) and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM), Marchiafava–Bignami disease (MBD), and Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) are ARBDs related to a background history of alcoholism, which display a set of characteristic signs and symptoms that can lead to death. This chapter provides the general features, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and principal signs and symptoms of the fetal alcohol syndrome, CPM/EPM, MBD, and WKS.
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