Abstract
This chapter provides an overview on the development of norovirus (NoV) vaccines. NoVs pose a serious threat to human health globally, affecting people of all ages. There is still an unmet need for effective NoV vaccines. A few correlates of protection have been identified from serology and human challenge studies. However, the lack of a robust cell culture system and animal model has been impeding the development of NoV vaccines. By employing advanced genetic engineering technologies, a number of NoV recombinant subunit vaccine candidates have been developed. Among them, vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) and P particles have demonstrated high immunogenicity and efficacies in preclinical studies. Early phase clinical trials indicate that VLP vaccines are safe, immunogenic, and protective against NoV disease. Remaining challenges in developing broadly protective NoV vaccines are discussed.
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