Abstract
This chapter reviews some of the major concepts and mechanisms used to investigate, characterize, assess, and enhance the performance of total protective clothing (TPC) in extremely hot or fire-prone environments. First, the major fabric materials used as outer shells for TPC are reviewed, and then the various stages of the exposure process are described. The major testing methods, evaluation tools, and computing models are also discussed, including the associated thermal sensors and burn damage evaluation schemes. Heat effects on the dermal layers of the skin and the modeling of human skin burn injuries is presented. There is no extensive numerical/empirical modeling of thermal mechanisms in TPC when exposed to intense heat sources because of its complexity. Most of the existing models are based on simplified, steady state, one-dimensional heat transfer processes that can be assessed in a bench-top thermal protective performance (TPP) evaluation environment. A calorimeter- type sensor, such as the TPP sensor, which tracks the heat flux trough the TPC fabric, has a copper disk of a considerable size that disturb the thermal balance during heat flux measurement.
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