Chapter 13 - Risk and protective factors for insomnia among Asian, Black, and Latinx adult immigrants in the United States: A socioecological analysis

Abstract

We used a socioecological framework to conduct a systematic review on the state of science on the prevalence, risk, and protective factors of insomnia and sleep quality among Asian, Black, and Latinx immigrants in the United States. Of 482 eligible articles, 6.22% met inclusion criteria, and 1.87% included US immigrant only samples. Articles with immigrant only samples focused on Latinx immigrants (20%) and Asian immigrants (16.7%). None focused on Black immigrants. Most articles did not report the country of origin differences or effects by intersecting social identities. Individual-level factors such as depression were among the most widely documented risk factors for insomnia across socioecological levels and immigrant groups, followed by acculturation and migration-related factors, and macro-level factors (e.g., housing and neighborhood), which had mixed findings. Our results suggest the need to expand traditional treatment models for insomnia to include socioecological factors beyond the individual level, particularly for US immigrants.