Chapter 13 - Produce Contamination Issues in México and Central America

Abstract

México grows fruits and vegetables on about 4% of its agricultural land. The diversity of the natural environment in highland Central America has influenced the production of fruits and vegetables. Several large foodborne outbreaks have been linked to fresh produce from these regions, including crops such as cantaloupe, tomatoes, peppers, green onions, and berries. Although contributing factors have not been determined in all cases, quite a few notable causes have been proposed. In particular, cross-contamination with fecal matter of both domestic and wild animals has been suggested. In addition, contact with contaminated water also has been identified as a source of contamination. Moreover, the use of untreated manure or sewage as fertilizer, lack of field sanitary toilet facilities, poorly or unsanitized transportation vehicles, and contamination by handlers are also suggested as potential contributing factors. Private and government agencies need to identify mechanisms and the next steps for the way forward with appropriate partners in the development and implementation of a Good Agriculture Practice approach. Having Good Agricultural and Management practices in place ensures that the process is working correctly. It is important to understand where products are coming from and where they are going. This requires development, implementation, and verification of specifications. Collaborations are needed throughout the entire food chain from farm-to-fork.