Abstract
This chapter discusses magnetic properties of deposited and embedded clusters. It reviews the recent research on magnetic structures produced by forming clusters in the gas phase and depositing them on surfaces or embedding them in matrices. Isolated Fe and Co clusters deposited on substrates in UHV and left exposed shows enhancements in their orbital and spin magnetic moments. In some cases, enhancements are observed in the orbital moment even for very large clusters containing ∼50,000 atoms. The variation in the orbital moment of exposed Fe clusters on surfaces suggests a bcc–fcc transition at a few hundred atoms and a transition to a non-fcc phase for very small clusters. Coating exposed Fe clusters with Co in situ produce a total magnetic moment localized on the Fe atoms as large as in free Fe clusters of the same size. As the surface coverage of clusters is increased to a dense monolayer, the orbital moment is observed to drop towards its bulk value though there is evidence that an enhanced spin moment is maintained. Magnetic thin films produced by the co-deposition technique have very flexible properties and by varying the size and volume fraction of the nanoparticles, which can be done independently, it is possible to exercise a great deal of control over the magnetization behavior of the materials.
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