Abstract
This chapter provides an insight into terms like noise figure, noise factor, and noise temperature specifications of discrete microwave amplifiers. Amplifiers add noise to the signal. This noise is due to thermal agitation of electrons flowing in the device. Noise in cascade amplifiers is defined in terms of the “Friis noise equation.” The overall noise figure of a cascade amplifier is reduced by having an input stage with a very low noise figure. Microwave amplifiers use stripline tuners, transmission line Q sections, and other methods for limiting bandwidth, and matching impedance. Parametric amplifiers operate by switching power in and out of a reactor. Low-noise operation results from the fact that ideal reactors do not dissipate power. Three cases are known: degenerative, non-degenerative, and regenerative. The parametric amplifier can be evaluated using the Manley-Rowe equations. The chapter provides an overview of the operation of microwave parametric microwave amplifiers and discusses the parameters needed to specify their noise performance.
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