Abstract

Heart failure (HF) in children can result from numerous etiologies, including primary cardiomyopathies, infections, drug/toxin exposure, genetic syndromes, and congenital heart disease. The clinical history and physical examination play a critical role in any evaluation of a pediatric patient in HF and can allow for appropriate treatment before diagnostic testing has been completed. Specific findings on historical interrogation and examination are very dependent on the age at presentation of the patient and the ultimate diagnosis.

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