Abstract
Materials at the nanoscale can provide solution for an effective removal of environmental pollutants from different matrices. This chapter provides comprehensive information regarding the role of nanomaterials in pollution elimination at seven main titles. First of all, a brief introduction to types of pollutants in air, soil, and liquid was presented. Second, different nanomaterials used for environmental remediation were discussed. The effect of size and porosity on removal efficiency of nanostructures is another parameter that was discussed. Finally, application of these materials in spectroscopy and the importance of their use in environmental remediation were expressed. Various materials were discussed and compared. Metals and metal oxides represented a wide choice for researches to use for environmental contaminants. Carbon- and silica-based as well as polymer-based nanomaterials were also described. These materials showed great success in different aspects for application of nanomaterials. Rare adsorbent like dendrimers and quantum dots were also represented with tangible examples and comparison. Also, bionanomaterials which have a large content were briefly explained. These nanomaterials can be easily adopted with other routes demonstrating trend adsorbents for various pollutants. This chapter also represents the importance of these materials in environment and the future perspectives of each title. Almost, every content was obtained from the latest studies in each field. Most of the contents were prepared according to the application of nanomaterial with approach of enhancing the removal efficiency. Finally, application of nanomaterial in modern methods like localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), electrochemistry, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was discussed.
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