Abstract
The concept of regulation as an engineering device was very much in the air at the time. The Alkali Act of 1863 created a formal regulatory agency, the Alkali Inspectorate. In the USA, chemicals are regulated by the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA). TSCA requires chemical manufacturers (and importers) to submit a pre-manufacture notification and risk assessment information to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The basic regulatory instrument is the Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) system. It is also unhelpful that some countries have introduced their own special regulations. The most notable is France, which has introduced the mandatory declaration of nanomaterials. Silver nanoparticles are now incorporated in several textile products, such as wound dressings and socks, as a bactericide.
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