Abstract
This chapter discusses the preparation and applications of nanostructured materials. Nanostructured materials are single-phase or multi-phase polycrystals, the crystal size, of which is of the order of a few nanometers in at least one dimension. The nanostructured materials may contain crystalline, quasicrystalline, or amorphous phases and can be metals, ceramics, and polymers. It is found that if the cooling rate during rapid solidification of metallic melts is increased to high values, then it is possible to increase the nucleation rate of the solid phase, and consequently the grain size of the resultant product will be in the nanometer range. A single-phase HfNi 5 nanocrystalline alloy has been produced directly by rapid solidification. Nanocomposites have been produced by this method during rapid solidification of metallic melts or during devitrification of metallic glasses produced by rapid solidification. Mechanical attrition produces nanostructured materials, by the structural decomposition of coarser-grained structure, as a result of severe plastic deformation.
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