Abstract
Mucosal vaccination holds great promise in combatting infectious diseases caused by mucosal pathogens. For mucosal vaccines, the selection of antigens, delivery routes, and adjuvants for vaccination are highly important to the efficiency of inducing protective immune responses. The unique anatomical and functional characteristics of the mucosal immune system allow the generation of robust protective immune responses at the front line of pathogen encounters. Emerging research is providing new insights into the function of mucosal issues and the mechanisms that lead to protective immunity. This new knowledge has helped inform the development of novel mucosal vaccine strategies, such as immune targeting, delivery platforms, and adjuvant selection. However, mucosal vaccination still faces several challenges, and only a handful of mucosal vaccines are currently licensed. However, safe and effective mucosal vaccines not only represent a promising solution for infectious disease control but also provide additional benefits in the ease and economy of broad vaccination. Therefore, ongoing research efforts in the field of mucosal vaccinology are worth the effort and time.
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