Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are novel porous materials with a multi-modal porous structure and energy-dispersive surface. Their porous structure can be divided into fundamental inner cavity, and several kinds of secondary porosities. The secondary porosities include interstices between single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs and DWNTs) in a bundle, aggregated pores among nanotube bundles or among multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and “carbon island” structure in large diameter MWNTs. Two typical physicochemical processes, adsorption in all types of porosities and filling in inner cavities, are discussed in this chapter. The two aspects of applications, filling-related nano-reactors, and adsorption-related hydrogen storage media, electrode materials, and sensors, are also reviewed. The theoretical predictions and experimental results show that the multi-modal porous structure and surface characteristics of CNTs exert different influences on their applications, and CNTs can be expected to be a promising candidate for energy storage media, especially as new electrode materials to improve the performance of rechargeable batteries, and high-capacity double-layer electric capacitors.
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