Abstract
This chapter is an introduction to seismic wave propagation with a focus on body-wave travel times. We start with a description of wavefronts and rays and move onto a discussion of the Eikonal equation, which provides approximate solutions to the equation of motion and accurate travel times for seismic waves. The chapter includes the definition of an important seismic quantity called the ray parameter or horizontal slowness. Expressions for the distance and time as a function of horizontal slowness are developed for one-dimensional structures (Cartesian and spherical). Finally, the relationship to continuous and layered models is reviewed and connected with simple, but commonly used, crustal seismic wave propagation models including direct arrivals, reflected arrivals, and head-waves in a layer over a halfspace model.
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