Chapter 11 - The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Abstract

Many issues and challenges remain for the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and health care. Some of the central issues include ethics (who is at fault with problems that arise); economics (how will this new technology be compensated for); bias (can algorithms be inclusive of cultural diversity and gender equity); data (who has ownership of health-care data); and transparency (what is the difference between explainability and interpretability). These issues should be followed in studies such as the One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence. This long-term study of the impact of AI on people and society includes health care as one of its eight relevant areas. The relatively out-of-date health-care infrastructure will need to be updated for the full benefit of AI and its deployment. Future adoption of this resource will be heavily dependent on the education and training of present and future generations of clinicians and other stakeholders in health care. We have an exciting opportunity to transform our present evidence-based to intelligence-based medicine.