Abstract
This chapter highlights how the design basis for evolutionary water reactors is now being extended. Many evolutionary plant designs incorporate passive safety systems in place of active systems but in other respects do not vary substantially from current generation designs. Different containment designs have been proposed, utilizing steel, concrete, or composites. Heat removal may need to be via natural circulation cooling of the containment wall in the case of steel or enhanced in concrete based containments using passive heat exchangers. These and other passive systems are discussed in this chapter. Advanced evolutionary water containments include other measures to ensure they survive under severe accident loads. Measures are introduced to prevent fuel coolant interactions (FCIs) to prevent direct containment heating (DCH) and to control hydrogen. They are also designed to reduce the source term by improving leak tightness. This is achieved via inherent safety features in the design, utilizing passive heat removal systems in many cases. In addition to internal events, external events such as aircraft crashes and seismic events are also receiving special attention.
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