Abstract
Fossil fuels such as coal, crude oil, and natural gas (NG) have powered the technologies and transportation sectors ever since the industrial revolution. However, relying on fossil fuels poses a threat to our energy security as well as places a severe burden on the environment. According to projections, the world's energy consumption will double by 2050 because of population expansion and increased industrialization. The supply of fossil fuels is finite, and it is predicted that there will be a severe shortage of oil and gas within our lifetimes. These factors as well as government regulations and actions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to keep the rise in the world's average temperature in check are accelerating an energy transition in the world which strives to decarbonize the energy sector. Hydrogen is thought to have a significant impact on this decarbonization process. The “hydrogen economy” refers to the energy system that uses hydrogen as a form of energy carrier. It includes four key elements, that is, hydrogen production, storage, transport, and use. This chapter discusses the hydrogen economy and all the strategies and policies being developed or are in the pipelines in detail to provide an overview of the pathways for moving towards the hydrogen economy.
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