Abstract
Details of distillation systems for rectification, flash distillation and batch distillation processes are covered in this chapter. It starts with the different configuration options for continuous distillation system and the heuristic rules for separation sequencing of multicomponent systems are introduced. Components of a typical fractionator with and without side draws are described. The cases of binary and multicomponent distillation systems are covered. The McCabe–Thiele construction for stage calculation in binary distillation is enumerated and extended to cases of total reflux, minimum reflux and hot and subcooled reflux. Concepts of optimum reflux, Murphree tray efficiency and overall tray efficiency as well as estimation of column pressure and its effect on equilibrium are included. For multicomponent rectification, selection criteria for the light key and heavy key are defined and this is followed by the shortcut FUG technique supplemented with Kirkbride equation for feed tray location. Steps of rigorous design using MESH equations are detailed with diagrams. Procedure for flash drum sizing and batch distillation of binary and multicomponent systems with no reflux, constant reflux and constant distillate composition are enumerated sequentially. This is followed by illustrations at the end of respective sections.
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