Abstract
The best-known root symbionts of forest trees are mycorrhizal fungi. However, dark septate endophytes (DSE) are ubiquitous fungi found systemically in the same roots. Indeed, DSE have been noted to be as abundant in roots as mycorrhiza. Nevertheless, their function in host-fungi continuum is still a mystery. Most of the available studies have focused on nonwoody plants. Since DSE may increase the fitness of their host tree by nutrient uptake, reduce root infections by pathogens, and decrease the detrimental effects of stressful environments (e.g., drought), DSE truly are the key players in forest ecosystems. However, as the studies are still very limited, the DSE-tree interactions in diverse conditions cannot be well explained. In this chapter I summarize the current knowledge on DSE in plant roots, specially emphasizing DSE in forest tree roots, and their affects to host in various conditions.
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