Abstract
Investigation of heat transfer at supercritical pressures began as early as the 1930s with the study of free-convection heat transfer to fluids at the near-critical point. In the 1950s, the concept of using supercritical “steam” to increase the thermal efficiency of fossil-fired thermal power plants became an attractive option. The USA, the former USSR, Germany, and some other countries extensively studied supercritical heat transfer during the 1950s till the 1980s. The research was primarily focused around water-cooled circular-tube flow geometry. Currently, the use of supercritical “steam” in fossil-fired thermal power plants is the largest industrial application of fluids at supercritical pressures.
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