Abstract
This chapter summarizes the techniques for the viscosity and density measurements of silicate melts and glasses at high pressure and temperature by using the X-ray radiography and absorption techniques in the third generation synchrotron radiation facility, SPring-8, Japan. The falling sphere method using in situ X-ray radiography makes it possible to measure the viscosity of silicate melts to pressures above 6 GPa at high temperature. The details of the experimental technique of the viscosity measurement, and the results for some silicate melts such as albite and diopside-jadeite melts are discussed in detail. X-ray absorption method is applied to measure the density of silicate glasses such as basaltic glass and iron sodium disilicate glass up to 5 GPa at high temperature. A diamond capsule that is not reactive with the glasses is used for the density measurement of the glasses. The present density measurement of the glasses indicates that this method is useful for measurement of the density of silicate melts at high pressure and temperature.
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