Abstract
Gut microbiota and nutrition researchers have made remarkable advances to date, but likely many more insights and clinical applications lie ahead. Gradual improvement is observable in understanding of causality, gut microbiota characterization and models, and ecological insights, as well as spatial and temporal dynamics. Ethical and globally representative data collection must be a priority for researchers going forward. Future directions of the field specifically relevant to nutrition include gut microbiota analysis in more nutrition studies, selecting foods and food crops based on microbiota modulation, more personalized nutrition recommendations (including those based on metabolomics), knowledge about how to support the gut microbiome and health of generally healthy individuals, and possible changes to dietary guidelines. Involving a dietitian in healthcare throughout an individual’s lifespan, in sickness and in health, will become increasingly important.
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