Abstract
This chapter addresses the economic feasibility of conventional sugar mills producing ethanol, sugar, and electricity, and their projected future configurations, comprised of biorefineries producing sugar, first and second generation ethanol, and electricity, among other products. Existing sugar mills in Brazil, their technologies, products, and coproducts are first described, followed by our perspectives concerning the future sugarcane biorefinery in the new energy scenario in Brazil, which includes technologies to efficiently convert lignocellulosic biomass to electricity and chemicals, including ethanol. Many biorefinery configurations can be deployed, and techno-economic analysis can indicate the directions new biorefinery design should take. In this chapter, an overview of methodologies used for techno-economic analyses, and selected studies of biorefinery analyses are discussed, in order to offer a background on the competition between electricity and second generation biofuels from sugarcane.
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