Abstract
This chapter discusses the varied research on the direct solar irradiance variance and the uncertainties related to indirect solar influences through variance through the solar cycles of ultraviolet and solar wind/ geomagnetic activity. Though the sun's brightness or irradiance changes only slightly with the solar cycles, the indirect effects of enhanced solar activity including warming of the atmosphere in low and mid-latitudes by ozone reactions due to increased ultraviolet radiation. In higher latitudes by geomagnetic activity, and generally, by increased radiation forcing due to less cloud caused by cosmic ray reduction may greatly magnify the total solar effect on temperatures. The study has found that chemicals in the stratosphere and sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean respond during solar maximum in a way that amplifies the sun's influence on some aspects of air movement. This can intensify winds and rainfall, change sea surface temperatures, and cloud cover over certain tropical and subtropical regions, and ultimately influence global weather. The sun appears to be the primary driver right up to the current time.
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