Chapter 10 - Risk Analysis

Abstract

The three aspects of risk analysis are: risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their products are perceived to be different from their nonmodified counterparts. Consequently, decisions regarding their release into an environment and marketing depends on the outcome of a rigorous science-based risk assessment. The actual risk posed by the introduction of a GMO is a function of the assessed risk and risk management. Major components of the risk assessment are: the characteristics (including the newly introduced traits) of the organism, the manner in which the organism is to be used, and the characteristics of the receiving environment including other organisms that may be affected. When faced with scientific uncertainty, in order to protect the environment, human, animal, and plant health, the Precautionary Principle has been advocated for decisions regarding the release of GMOs and their products. Postrelease/postmarketing monitoring is an important part of risk assessment and serves to prevent harm due to delayed or indirect effects of GMO release.