Chapter 10 - Prospects of nanocomposite membranes for water treatment by pressure-driven membrane processes

Abstract

Membrane technology plays a vital role in resolving current challenges of the global water scarcity. The limitations of conventional polymer and inorganic membranes have led to the development of an innovative class of membranes, known as nanocomposite membranes. Synergistic properties of both inorganic and organic phases provide mixed matrix membranes with improved selectivity; good permeability; and enhanced mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. The primary pressure-driven membrane separation processes for water treatment include microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO). This chapter covers the main prospects of nanocomposite membranes in these processes; various types of nanofillers used to make nanocomposite membrane for each process; and the major improvement achieved in terms of permeation, mechanical, and antifouling properties.