Abstract
This chapter discusses two primary questions: Is attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in epilepsy the expression of a neurological disorder? Is ADHD in epilepsy different from ADHD in children without epilepsy? The chapter reviews studies of the prevalence of problems of attention in children with epilepsy and explores possible reasons for difficulties with attention in this population. It also addresses the controversy about the most appropriate treatment for the child with ADHD and epilepsy. ADHD in children with epilepsy is more common than ADHD in the general population. It is one of the most extensively studied disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. It affects 4–12% of children and 3–5% of adults. The prevalence is higher in males with a range of ratios of 3:1 to 10:1, although the male-to-female ratio is smaller for ADHD, predominantly inattentive type. It is classified as predominantly inattentive type, if there are at least six symptoms of inattention but less than six symptoms of hyperactivity–impulsivity; predominantly hyperactive–impulsive type, if there are six or more symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity and less than six symptoms of inattention; and combined type, if there are six or more symptoms in each category.
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