Abstract
This chapter discusses the viral diseases that are of importance to captive primates or to the health of the personnel involved in their care. The etiology, epizootiology, clinical features, pathogenicity, and zoonotic potentials of various diseases caused by enveloped DNA viruses, non-enveloped DNA-containing viruses, enveloped RNA-containing viruses, and non-enveloped RNA-containing viruses are described in the chapter. Enveloped DNA virus families include Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, and Hepadnaviridae, whereas non-enveloped DNA-containing virus families include Adenoviridae, Papovaviridae, and Parvoviridae. Enveloped RNA-containing virus families are Rhabdoviridae, Filoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Arenaviridae, and Retroviridae. The non-enveloped RNA-containing viruses discussed in the chapter include Reoviridae, Picomaviridae, and Calciviridae. Five members of the poxvirus family belonging to Orthopoxvirus, Yatapoxvirus, and Molluscipoxvirus genera cause diseases in nonhuman primates. Based on biological criteria, the family Herpesviridae is divided into three distinct subfamilies: Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae. The family Adenoviridae encompasses a large number of ubiquitous viruses that affect a wide range of mammalian and avian species worldwide. The family Adenoviridae is divided into two genera, Mastadenovirus and Aviadenovirus, depending on the host. The family Papovaviridae is composed of two genera—Polyomavirus and Papillomavirus—that share many structural and chemical properties. The family Paramyxoviridae contains two subfamilies known to infect nonhuman primates: Paramyxovirinae and Pneumovirinae. The former is divided into two genera: Paramyxovirus, which includes parainfluenza virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 2, parainfluenza virus type 3, and parainfluenza type 4, and Morbillivirus, which includes measles virus. The subfamily Pneumovirinae contains only a single genus, Pneumovirus, that includes respiratory syncytial viruses.
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