Abstract
Water hyacinth (WH) is considered a harmful weed worldwide as it breeds rapidly and reduces nutrients and oxygen from water bodies, severely disturbing the growth of flora and fauna. Growing oil prices and exhaustion of current fossil fuel assets, together with the incessant increase in greenhouse gas release, have raised the necessity to discover and develop novel renewable bioenergy resources that do not need cultivable land and freshwater. Henceforth, transforming this weed into value-added products and fuels aid in self-sustainability, particularly for emerging nations. Thus, the inexhaustible biomass of invasive WH has gained much consideration in recent years in exploiting them as a potential resource for bioenergy generation. WHs have remarkably high growth rates and contain a high amount of cellulose and hemicellulose with very little lignin, making them effective for next-generation bioenergy crops. The current chapter deliberates the numerous value-added products and biofuels produced from WH, the current research and developmental processes on the WH bioconversion for the biofuel production and value-added products, and its potentials and challenges in commercialization. Furthermore, a comprehensive discussion was conducted on techno-economic and ecological analysis by a mathematical model, techno-economic analysis, life cycle assessment, and circular economy toward sustainable development.
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