CHAPTER 1 - THERMODYNAMICS OF THE PHENOMENA OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

Abstract

This chapter discusses the thermodynamics of the phenomena of heat and mass transfer. The thermodynamic method of investigating energy transfer is based on the law of conservation and transformation of energy and the law of conservation of mass, which are universal laws of nature. The axiomatics of the potential of transfer have great importance in the thermodynamic method. In a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, the potentials of a system or a body are the same throughout its different parts: P1 = P2. Transfers of energy and of mass proceed in the direction from the higher potential to the lower. The processes of the transfer of heat and mass can be quantitatively defined as the transfer of a certain quantity of energy. Then, the potential of transfer will be equal to the partial derivative of a suitably selected characteristic function with respect to a generalized coordinate. The thermodynamics of the nonequilibrium state, in its modern form, includes the phenomenological theories of molecular transfer of heat, mass, momentum of fluids, and the hydrodynamics of viscous fluids with linked phase and chemical transformations. The thermodynamics of the transfer phenomena is founded on the law of conservation of mass, the law of conservation and transformation of energy, and also on the principle of the increase of entropy.