Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the laser spectroscopy of semiconductors at low temperatures and high-magnetic fields. The integer and fractional quantum Hall effects (QHEs) and an electron solid are examples of new physics that rely on both extremes of low temperatures and high-magnetic fields. High-magnetic fields are extremely useful because they effectively switch the two-dimensional (2D) electron system between a metal and an insulator in the region of the QHE. Although these novel effects were first observed in electrical transport experiments, in principle, optical measurements are important and have unique advantages. For example, an inelastic optical process, such as simple absorption, by virtue of its single-quantum interaction is capable of probing local electron states. With optics, it is also possible to examine the entire electron density of states, not just those states at the Fermi surface that are accessible in electrical transport. In addition to the 2D-carrier confinement induced by quantum-well barriers, a large magnetic field applied perpendicular to layers produces in-plane carrier localization as well.
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