Abstract
In this chapter basic concepts of fracture, including different fracture modes under various stress states, concepts of cleavage fracture, and essentials of the micromechanism (microphysical model) of cleavage fracture are introduced. A brief explanation of basic theories used for establishing the micromechanism of cleavage fracture is set forth. Special attention is focused on the concepts of stress and strain concentration, stress triaxiality, and stress intensification. Distributions of stress and strain ahead of a notch or a precrack are depicted. Finally, the recent results of research work on the micromechanism of cleavage fracture of steels are briefly reviewed.
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