Abstract
Abstract The fast development of nanotechnology and its expected growing will increase the products containing nanomaterials (NMs) in next coming years. However, to date, little is known about the potential risks associated with engineered NMs. The limitations in our knowledge are partly due to the lack of analytical methods for the detection and characterization of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in complex matrices, as, for example, food and environmental samples. This book chapter provides an overview of the analytical methods for the detection and characteristics of NPs that could affect their behaviour and toxicity. Different analytical techniques are involved in the determination and characterization of NPs in complex samples, including microscopy, chromatography, spectroscopy, centrifugation, as well as filtration and related techniques. However, the challenging analysis of these new materials in complex samples often requires the use of combined methodologies, to solve extraction challenges, the presence of analytical artefacts caused by sample preparation, problems of distinction between natural and engineered NPs and the lack of reference materials.
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