Abstract
Hybrid enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes are the future EOR directions for heavy oil and oil sands reservoirs after steam injection. This chapter presents the concept of hybrid EOR processes. An introduction is given to the distribution and characteristics of heavy oil and oil sands reservoirs in the world. Pure steam injection processes (cyclic steam stimulation, steam drive, and steam-assisted gravity drainage) are presented. Then, considering the limitations of pure steam injection, hybrid EOR processes are introduced, including hybrid thermal-noncondensable gases, hybrid thermo-solvent, and hybrid thermochemical. Specific operation methods are also addressed. Finally, some pilot tests of hybrid EOR processes are provided.
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