Chapter 1 - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Leaning Disabilities: An Overview for Practitioners

Abstract

The most prevalent disorders of childhood are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LD). This chapter outlines the complexities involved in making a differential diagnosis using the criteria established by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; issues in meeting the educational criteria for categorical placement in special education; the pervasiveness and the serious impact of the challenges of these disorders on the children and their families; the biological evidence for its existence; and an overview of contemporary strategies for treating the disorders. Because most children at some point exhibit some of the behavior problems or learning difficulties associated with the symptoms of these disorders, skills in providing intervention for children with ADHD and LD would assist practitioners in providing assistance to any child who may have behavior problems or difficulty learning. A brief explanation of the disorder and current research supporting the biological basis of the disorder may help parents understand the difficulties a child experiences in an otherwise hidden disorder. Unlike physical disorders, such as blindness, deafness, or cerebral palsy, ADHD and LD are not immediately obvious disorders. The chapter presents various case studies illustrating the nature of the disorders and the complexities faced by parents, teachers, practitioners, and, most importantly, the child.