Abstract
The use of potent broad-spectrum antibiotics has led to the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance and Clostridium difficile infections worldwide. Multidrug-resistant infections account for a significant portion of hospital-acquired infections, having a major impact on clinical outcomes and costs. It has been reported that a large proportion of antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals is inappropriate or suboptimal. Antimicrobial stewardship promotes the judicious use of antimicrobials to improve patient care while minimizing unintended consequences such as antibiotic resistance, C. difficile infections, and antibiotic-related toxicities. Core stewardship interventions include formulary restriction, prospective auditing with feedback, and antibiotic time-outs. Several supplemental strategies are also effective, including education, pharmacy-driven interventions, and early laboratory diagnostics. The transition to electronic medical records has also made stewardship efforts more efficient. As the world proceeds to meet the urgent problem of antimicrobial resistance by implementing more comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship programs, better ways to measure results are essential.
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