Chaplain with a Star of David: Reverend Leib Isaac Falk and the Jewish LegionsShlomit Keren is an associate professor at the Department of History and Director of the Israel Studies Programme at the University of Calgary. Michael Keren holds a Canada Research Chair in Communication, Culture and Civil Society at the University of Calgary and is visiting professor at Haifa

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Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Eric J. Leed, No Man's Land: Combat and Identity in World War I, Cambridge, 1979, p. 204. 2. Michael Berkowitz, Western Jewry and the Zionist Project, 1914–1933, Cambridge, 1997. 3. Stuart A. Cohen, English Zionists and British Jews: The Communal Politics of Anglo-Jewry, 1895–1920, Princeton, NJ, 1982, p. 216. 4. Christopher M. Sterba, Good Americans: Italian and Jewish Immigrants During the First World War, New York, 2003. 5. Peter Simkins, Kitchener's Army: The Raising of the New Armies, 1914–16, Manchester, 1988. 6. The Jewish Chronicle, 25 December 1914. 7. Igal Elam, Hagdudim Ha'ivri'im Bemilhemet Ha'olam Harishona (The Jewish Legions in the First World War), Tel Aviv, 1984 (Hebrew); Zeev Jaostinsky, Megilat Hagdud (The Story of the Battalion), Tel Aviv, 1991 (Hebrew). 8. Martin Watts, The Jewish Legion and the First World War, New York, 2004. 9. See Michael Adler (ed.), British Jewry Book of Honour, London, 1922. 10. J.H. Patterson's letter to Col. John Wynne, 7 December 1917, Zahal Archive, Falk Private Papers. 11. J.H. Patterson, With the Judeans in the Palestine Campaign, New York, 1922. 12. War Cabinet Extracts 227 (3 September 1917), Jabotinsky Archive, Tel Aviv, Letters and memos, File 6-26. 13. Evening Standard, 12 September 1917. 14. Jonathan Hyman, ‘Jews in Britain during the Great War’, University of Manchester, Department of History, Working paper 51, October 2001. 15. Rev. L.A. Falk, ‘With the Jewish Battalions in Palestine: Memoirs of a Jewish Chaplain’, The Maccabean, 15 February 1929. 16. Michael Snape, God and the British Soldier: Religion and the British Army in the First and Second World War, London, 2005. 17. Doris L. Bergen, The Sword of the Lord: Military Chaplains from the First to the Twenty-First Century, Notre Dame, Indiana, 2004; Duff Crerar, Padres in No Man's Land: Canadian Chaplains and the Great War, Montreal, 1995. 18. On Jewish chaplains in the British army see British Jewry Book of Honour, and in the American army see Albert Isaac Slomovitz, The Fighting Rabbis: Jewish Military Chaplains and American History, New York, 1999. 19. The Maccabean, 15 February 1929. 20. L.I. Falk, Private papers, the Israel Defence Forces (IDF Archives), Tel-Hashomer, Israel. 21. Letter by Mrs Malkin, L.I. Falk, Private papers, the Israel Defence Forces (IDF Archives), Tel-Hashomer, Israelibid. 22. The Maccabean, 3 May 1929. 23. Richard Schweitzer, The Cross and the Trenches: Religious Faith and Doubt among British and American Great War Soldiers, Westport, CT, 2003, p. 47. 24. Robinson Memoirs, Legions House, Aviha'il, Israel, 38th Legion, file 2b, document 3. 25. H.D. Myer, Excerpts from Letters [of] H.D. Myer 1918–1919, Legions House Library, Aviha'il, Israel, p. 98. 26. The Maccabean, 22 March 1929. 27. The Maccabean, 8 March 1929. 28. The Maccabean, 22 March 1929. 29. The Maccabean, 5 April 1929. 30. The Maccabean, 5 April 1929 31. The Maccabean, 5 April 1929 32. The Maccabean, 26 April 1929. 33. Falk, Private papers 34. Falk, Private papers 35. Falk, Private papers 36. Falk, Private papers 37. Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory, London, 1975. 38. Clarence L. Abercrombie, The Military Chaplain, Beverly Hills, CA, 1977. 39. The Maccabean, 5 April 1929. 40. Falk, Private papers. 41. Letter by Professor Boris Schatz to Rabbi Falk, 7 Adar Beth, 1919, Falk Private papers. 42. ‘A Temple in the Wilderness: Bezalel in Jerusalem’, Israel Museum online publication, available at http://www.imj.org.il/eng/exhibitions/2006/schatz/bezalel_jerusalem.html 43. Abraham Isaac Kook, ‘The Significance of the Revival’, in Abraham Isaac Kook: The Lights of Penitence, the Moral Principles, Lights of Holiness, Essays, Letters, and Poems, Translated by Ben Zion Bokser, New York, 1978, p. 286. 44. Zvi Yaron, Mishnato Shel Harav Kook (The Philosophy of Rabbi Kook), Jerusalem, 1974 (Hebrew), p. 28. 45. Falk, Private papers. 46. Falk, Private papers 47. Paul Goodman, History of the Jews: Soldiers' and Sailors' Edition, London, 1917. 48. Falk, Private papers. 49. The Maccabean, 15 November 1929. 50. Megilat Hagdud, p. 133. 51. See Arthur Hertzberg, The Jews in America, New York, 1989; Gerald Tulchinsky, Taking Root: The Origins of the Canadian Jewish Community, Toronto, 1992. 52. The Maccabean, 22 February 1929, p. 12. 53. Falk, Private papers. 54. D. Gogol, ‘Bagdudim’ (In the Legions), Kuntres 2 (8 I'yar, 1919), pp. 35–37.