Chaotropic agents in liquid chromatographic method development for the simultaneous analysis of levodopa, carbidopa, entacapone and their impurities

Abstract

The simultaneous pharmaceutical analysis of multi-component drugs represents a challenge due to a large total number of analytes present in the sample. These analytes are not only the active pharmaceutical ingredients, but also the impurities that might follow the active substances. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient reversed-phase LC method for the simultaneous analysis of antiparkinsonian drugs levodopa, carbidopa and entacapone along with their six related impurities. For the achievement of desirable separation, different acids with anions possessing different properties according to Hofmeister classification (ortho-phosphoric, trifluoroacetic and perchloric acid) were tested. Finally, in order to draw the unbiased conclusions when optimizing the analytical method, for the final tuning of the gradient program, Box–Behnken experimental design and Derringer's desirability function were used. The experiments were performed on Zorbax Extend C18, 150mm×4.6mm, 5μm particle size column with the UV detection at 280nm and mobile phase flow rate of 1mL/min. The optimal mobile phase consisted of methanol and 20mM trifluoroacetic acid (pH 2.0 adjusted with NaOH), while their ratio is changed according to previously defined gradient program. The method was tested for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy and precision, and proved to be suitable for routine qualitative and quantitative analysis of levodopa, carbidopa, entacapone and their impurities in their mixture.