Chaotic Reversible Watermarking Method Based on IWT with Tamper Detection for Transferring Electronic Health Record

Mahboubeh Nazari,Arash Maneshi,Azeem Irshad

doi:10.1155/2021/5514944

Mahboubeh Nazari, Arash Maneshi + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5514944

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Abstract

Health IoT deals with sensitive medical information of patients, therefore security concerns need to be addressed. Confidentiality of Electronic Health Record (EHR) and privacy are two important security requirements for IoT based healthcare systems. Recently, watermarking algorithms as an efficient response to these requirements is in the spotlight. Further, as smart city-based applications have to react to real-time situations, efficient computation is a demand for them. In this paper, a secure, lightweight, reversible, and high capacity watermarking algorithm with tamper detection capability is proposed for IoT based healthcare systems. The scheme has applied Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and chaotic map for efficiency and increasing security. EHR is encrypted and then embedded into the Least Significant Bits (LSB) of wavelet coefficients of medical images. The proposed method has been extensively tested for various color and grayscale commonly used medical and general images. Investigations on experimental results and criterions such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Bit Error Ratio (BER) above 45.41 dB and 0.04, respectively, for payload of 432,538 bits indicate that the proposed method, besides providing security, being reversible, tamper detection capability, and high embedding capacity, has high imperceptibility and adequate resistance against different types of attacks.

Highlights

Nowadays, exchanging sensitive data through insecure Internet channels is inevitable
Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Matrix (SSIM) are used to measure the quality of an image while Mean Square Error (MSE), Normalized Cross-correlation (NCC), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Bit Error Ratio (BER) are used to evaluate the error in extracted secret data bits
Reversibility is a requirement for IoT based healthcare system. erefore, we proposed a reversible technique in this paper

Summary

Introduction

Nowadays, exchanging sensitive data through insecure Internet channels is inevitable. The Internet of ings (IoT) is a revolutionary technology that prepares a reliable infrastructure for actuators and sensors to collaborate and exchange data with each other. IoT based healthcare systems with the capability of collecting patient’s real-time health data have attracted many researchers’ attention [1]. Patient healthcare data which was collected by equipment and sensors of IoT based healthcare system is used to create Electronic Health Record (EHR) for each patient. EHR, including medical images, Electronic Patient Record (EPR), etc., plays an important role in the diagnosis process of a patient. EHR are exchanged among hospitals, doctors, and insurance companies; preserving the confidentiality of EHR and privacy of patients are the most important security requirements. An IoT driven healthcare system must be capable of handling the real-time situation

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