Chaos control of chaotic plankton dynamics in the presence of additional food, seasonality, and time delay

Abstract

In marine ecology, plankton systems have rich and complex dynamics. The control of chaos in plankton systems is one of the main motives of recent research. In this article, the chaos control mechanisms is explored using internal parameters and external forces. Also, the availability of additional food for both zooplankton and fish is incorporated. The present work enhances the existing literature on the chaos control dynamics of available additional food for predator population by focusing on the consequences of predation delay and seasonal perturbations. It presents a comprehensive view of the different ranges of alternative food, periodic fluctuations, and time delay on the dynamics of the proposed system. The stability analysis of the systems with and without predation delay is studied. The Hopf-bifurcation analysis is performed by taking time delay as a bifurcation parameter. Control of chaos in plankton-fish dynamics is explored with respect to additional food for plankton and fish population, predation delay, seasonal perturbations and delayed feedback control. The numerical simulation presents the validation of theoretical results.