Chaos around the superposition of a black-hole and a thin disk

Abstract

Motivated by strong astronomical evidence supporting that huge black-holes might inhabit the center of many active galaxies, we have studied the integrability of oblique orbits of test particles around the exact superposition of a black-hole and a thin disk. We have considered the relativistic and the Newtonian limits. Exhaustive numerical analyses were performed, and bounded zones of chaotic behavior were found for both limits. An intrinsic relativistic gravitational effect is detected: the chaoticity of trajectories that do not cross the disk.