Abstract
Optical channel waveguides have been produced in Nd:LGS laser crystals by using ultrafast laser inscription with a depressed cladding configuration. The cross sectional shape of the cladding waveguides is circular, surrounded by low refractive index tracks, which makes the channel waveguides as three-dimensional tubular structures. Under optical pump of 810 nm light, continuous-wave waveguide lasers at 1068 nm have been achieved at room temperature, with minimum lasing threshold of 54 mW, a maximum slope efficiency of 24% and a maximum output power of 16 mW.
Highlights
Optical waveguides, as the basic components of integrated photonics, confine the propagation of light fields in small volumes, reaching relatively high optical intensities inside the structures
Optical channel waveguides have been produced in Nd:LGS laser crystals by using ultrafast laser inscription with a depressed cladding configuration
The cross sectional shape of the cladding waveguides is circular, surrounded by low refractive index tracks, which makes the channel waveguides as three-dimensional tubular structures
Summary
As the basic components of integrated photonics, confine the propagation of light fields in small volumes, reaching relatively high optical intensities inside the structures Benefiting from this feature, lasing in waveguides could have much reduced thresholds and comparable efficiency with respect to the bulk laser systems [1]. Ultrafast laser pulses with tens of femtoseconds (fs) can directly modify the properties of the transparent materials in micro or submicrometric scales, inducing refractive index changes in the irradiated volumes [4]. This feature enables femtosecond laser inscription a unique technique to fabricate optical waveguide structures in versatile materials. Better balance of the guidance along any transverse polarizations makes cladding waveguide much more advantageous for either un-polarized light pump of waveguide lasers or polarization-dependent guided-wave frequency conversions [16,17]
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