Abstract
Indoor pedestrian motion detection based on the Wi-Fi Received Signal Strength (RSS) has been commonly deployed in recent years. However, the Channel State Information (CSI) based indoor localization methods can be selected to achieve higher localization accuracy since it contains the finer-grained physical-layer information of the signal. Lack of theoretical analysis of the CSI-based error bound that leverages the pedestrian motion posses a challenge to investigate the ideal performance. In this circumstance, this paper proposes the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) concept to derive out the indoor localization error bound leveraging the pedestrian motion that depends on the constructed signal propagation model by considering the relationship between the localization accuracy and the path loss, shadow fading, and multipath effect. Through the experimental comparison, this paper analyzes the difference between the actual localization error and the derived localization error bound, and the impact of different experimental parameters on the localization performance is analyzed, as well as discusses the influence of the asynchronous effect between the transmitter and the receiver on the performance of the proposed localization error bound. The experimental results show that the derived error bound has the same trend as the actual error, which validate our theoretical analysis.
Highlights
T He complexity of the indoor layout results in the signal fading caused by the obstacle and pedestrian motion, the widely used Global Positioning System (GPS) [1] is unable to meet the accuracy requirement of most of the indoor Location-based Service (LBS) [2]
Many scholars have carried out a series of research on indoor localization technology and proposed a variety of indoor localization methods according to the different signal sources, such as Bluetooth [3], Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) [4], [5], ZigBee [6], Ultra Wide Band (UWB) [7], and Wi-Fi [8] indoor localization method
In the indoor Wi-Fi localization process based on channel state information (CSI), the existing asynchronous effects when using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology to modulate Wi-Fi signals will lead to a decrease in localization accuracy
Summary
T He complexity of the indoor layout results in the signal fading caused by the obstacle and pedestrian motion, the widely used Global Positioning System (GPS) [1] is unable to meet the accuracy requirement of most of the indoor Location-based Service (LBS) [2]. As a low-power and low-cost localization method, ZigBee indoor localization technology has very high working efficiency, but ZigBee’s signal transmission is seriously interfered by multipath effects and pedestrian motion, and excessively depends on the accuracy of the localization algorithm. Z. Zhang et al.: Channel state information based indoor localization error bound leveraging pedestrian random motion the mainstream of indoor localization technology due to its wide signal coverage, low hardware requirements and simple network deployment. By considering the relationship between the localization accuracy and the path loss, shadow fading, multipath effect, and asynchronous effect, the CSI-based localization error bound leveraging the pedestrian motion is derived out.
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