Abstract
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technique is broadly adopted as the automated identification system for the Internet of Things (IoT). Many RFID anti-collision algorithms were proposed to accelerate the tag identification process. However, they misjudged some unreadable slots which were due to collision instead of the bad channel condition, causing low bandwidth usage. This study proposes the Channel-quality Aware Query Tree algorithm (CAQT) to improve the identification performance in an error-prone channel environment. CAQT has three novel features: (1) it estimates the channel quality continuously and statistically in the rapidly changing channel quality environment; (2) it asks the tag for retransmission or to split the collide tags based on the channel quality; (3) the number of the groups which it splits tags is based on the estimated number of tags collide in current slot. The simulation results show that CAQT uses less than 31% slots compared with the conventional algorithms. The simulation results also demonstrate that CAQT provides enhanced performance when the channel quality is varying especially in outdoor environment, for example, ticket checking for railway or subway system.
Highlights
The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technique [1,2,3] is broadly applied as the automated identification system for Internet of Things (IoT) environment because of its feasibility, convenience, fast and contactless object identification method, as compared with the conventional bar-code system.An RFID system consists of a reader and several tags
The Channel-quality Aware Query Tree algorithm (CAQT) is based on query tree protocol and owns three novel features: (1). It estimates the channel quality continuously and statistically in the rapidly changing channel quality environment to improve the tag estimation; it asks the tag for retransmission or to split the collide tags based on the channel quality in order to reduce the number of idle slots; the number of the groups which it splits tags is based on the estimated number of tags collide in current slot in order to accelerate the tag identification process
This study proposes the Channel-quality Aware Query Tree algorithm (CAQT) to minimize the effect of the rapidly changing channel quality on estimating number of the tags
Summary
The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technique [1,2,3] is broadly applied as the automated identification system for Internet of Things (IoT) environment because of its feasibility, convenience, fast and contactless object identification method, as compared with the conventional bar-code system. The number of tags based on the possibility of collision would be overestimated, causing more unnecessary idle slots and lower bandwidth usage This phenomenon is called the channel error problem in RFID system [6]. ERE-ABS does not dynamically adjust PER and the number of tags, when the channel condition changes This results in that the PER and the number of tags may be incorrectly estimated and cannot reflect the actual condition with regards to the current RFID system, meaning that the idle slots increase, and the inferior bandwidth usage is inescapably caused.
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