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Abstract
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic (UWA) channels introduce both space-time interference (STI) and time-varying phase distortion for transmitted signals. In such cases, the equalized symbols produced by conventional equalizer aiming for STI cancelation suffer phase rotation and thus cannot be reliably detected. In this paper, we propose a new equalization scheme for high data rate single carrier MIMO UWA channels. Different from existing methods employing joint equalization and symbolwise phase tracking technology, the proposed scheme decouples the interference cancelation (IC) operation and the phase compensation operation, leading to a generalized equalizer structure combining an IC equalizer with a phase compensator. The decoupling of the two functionalities leads to robust signal detection, which is most desirable in practical UWA applications. MIMO linear equalizer (LE) is adopted to remove space-time interference, and a groupwise phase estimation and correction method is used to compensate the phase rotation. In addition, the layered space-time processing technology is adopted to enhance the equalization performance. The proposed equalization scheme is tested to be very robust with extensive experimental data collected at Kauai, Hawaii, in September 2005, and Saint Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, in May 2006.
Highlights
Underwater acoustic (UWA) channel is recognized as one of the most challenging channels in practical use [1]
The proposed equalization scheme has been adopted in a layered receiver structure for UWA communications and has been tested by high-rate Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) experimental data measured off the northwestern coast of Kauai, Hawaii, in September 2005, and by both moving-source and fixed-source single input multiple output (SIMO) experimental data measured at Saint Margaret’s Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, in May 2006
We have demonstrated a new time-domain MIMO equalization scheme for high data rate single-carrier underwater acoustic communications, where the separate interference cancelation and phase compensation operations have been performed during detection
Summary
Underwater acoustic (UWA) channel is recognized as one of the most challenging channels in practical use [1]. UWA communications adopted noncoherent frequency-shift keying (FSK) technology which enabled simple energybased signal detection combating the unpleasant effect of channel reverberation [2]. Despite the diverse equalization schemes, the demonstrated data rate of UWA communication is relatively low due to the natural limitation on the available channel bandwidth. We propose a new time-domain MIMO equalization scheme for single carrier UWA communications. The proposed equalization scheme has been adopted in a layered receiver structure for UWA communications and has been tested by high-rate MIMO experimental data measured off the northwestern coast of Kauai, Hawaii, in September 2005, and by both moving-source and fixed-source SIMO experimental data measured at Saint Margaret’s Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, in May 2006.
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